thatwhich的用法区别

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1.that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物.在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略.例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐.（that作主语）The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的.（that作宾语）2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略.例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市.（作主语）The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看.（作宾语）

注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构.例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子.Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说.（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上.例如：This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人.（3）that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面.例如：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远.（4）关系词只能用that的情况：a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人.b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗 c.先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last,little,few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车.d.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片.e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁 f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的.