英语六级阅读理解分享 英语四六级

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AmericanFootballAmericanfootballisauniquesport-itisagameaboutgainingterritoryasmuchasitisaboutscoringpoints.Whentwoteamsstepontoafootballfield,eachisbattlingforeveryinchitcantakefromtheother.Eachteamwantstodefendthefieldthatisbehinditandinvadethefieldinfrontofit.Ultimately,theywanttogainenoughgroundtoscoreatouchdownorfieldgoal.

GroundRulesFootballisagameofinchesplayedonafieldmeasuredinyards-Englishmeasurementsareusedtotrackmovementsonthefield.Teamssucceedbasedonhowmanyyardstheyaccumulateorallow.AnofficialNFL(NationalFootballLeague)footballfieldisarectanglethatis120yards(110m)longand53yards.Ifoot(49m)wide.Mostfieldsarecoveredingrassandsetinanoutdoor(open-air}stadium.Somefieldsaremadeofartificialturf,whichyou'llfindinmanyoftheindoorstadiums.

Themostessentialpieceofequipmentinafootballgameistheball.OfficialNFLfootballsarehandmadebyWilsonSportingGoodsCo.Thefootballisanoblong(椭圆形的)sphereandhasalengthwisecircumference(周线)andawidth-wisecircumferenceinthemiddleoftheball.Withtheequipmentidentifiedandthefieldset,wecannowplayagame.AnNFLgameisdividedintofourquarterswithanextendedhalftimebreakbetweenquarterstwoandthree.Eachquarteris15minuteslong.lftheteamsaretiedafterfourquartersofplay,theyplayanadditionalovertimeperiodof15minutes.Intheovertime,thefirstteamtoscorewins.Whilethegametimeaddsuptoonehour,itusuallytakesthreetofourhourstoplayagame.Teamscanstoptheclockbyrunningoutofbounds,throwinganincompletepass,orcallingatime-out,ofwhichtheyhavethreeperhalf.Timealsostopsforeachofthetwo-minutewarnings,observedtwominutespriortotheendofthesecondandfourthquarters.Who'sWhoAnNFLrosterallowsfornomorethan53playersonateam.Atanyonetime,only11playersperteamareallowedonthefield.TounderstandanNFLroster,youhavetoidentifythethreeteamswithinateam:theoffense.thedefenseandspecialteams.Eachofthesegroupshasspecializedpositionswithaspecificsetofskills.

OffenseAteam'soffenseisresponsiblefortakingtheballdownthefieldtowarditsopponent'sendzone.Todothis.theoffensethrowstheballfromoneplayertoanotherorholdstheballandrunsforward.Herearethebasicoffensivepositions.Quarterback(QB)-Thisplayerthrowstheballtoreceiversorhandsitofftorunningbacks.Thequarterbackisalsoknownasthe"fieldgeneral,"becausehe'stheon-the-fieldleader.Offensivelinemen-Theseplayersprovideblockingforthequarterbackandrunningbacks.Individuallinemanpositionsinclude:Center(C)-Thecenterislocatedinthemiddleoftheline.Thisplayerhikestheballtothequarterbackbybringingtheballupbetweenhislegs.

Guards(LG/RG)-Thesetwoplayersflankthecenter.Tackles(LT/RT)-Thetacklesarepositionedontheoutsideofeachguard;teamshavetwotackles.Receivers-Receiversrundownthefieldandcatchballsthrownbythequarterback.Receiversareeitherwidereceivers(WR)ortightends(LTE/RTE).dependingonwheretheyarepositionedonthefield.Runningbacks-Runningbackstaketheballfromthequarterbackandrunupthefield.Dependingonthefomation(arrangementoftheoffensiveplayers,arunningbackmightbecalledatailback(TB),halfback(HB)orfullback(FB).

DefenseWhenateamdoesnothavepossessionoftheball,itisondefenseandusesvariousmethodstopreventtheotherteam'soffensefromscoring.Theseplayersmusttackletheoffensiveplayerwhohastheballtostoptheoffensefromadvancing.Defensewillalsotrytotaketheballawayfromtheoffense.Herearethebasicdefensivepositions:Defensivelinemen-Thelinemenputpressureonthequarterbackbytryingtotacklehimbeforehereleasestheball.Theyalsotrytostoprunningbacks.Therearetypicallythreeorfourdefensivelinemen.